This week we celebrate the Three Hierarchs. The Three Hierarchs are Saints Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, three highly influential early Church bishops that each had important contributions to Christian theology. What is common among all Christians can in large part be attributed to their exposition and interpretation of the Bible.
Can you imagine arguing over which saints are the greatest? Well, back in the glory days of Byzantium, people did. So central to daily life were one’s beliefs and holding the right belief was crucial. Arguments were heard in the markets and other places where people gathered over all sorts of theological questions. I guess, kind of like politics today or maybe, sports.
In 11th century Constantinople, arguments were heard about which of the threse hierarchs was the greatest. Some argued that Basil was superior to the other two because of his explanations of the Holy Trinity, his philanthropic endeavors, and his monastic example. Supporters of John Chrysostom countered that Chrysostom (the "Golden Mouthed"), Archbishop of Constantinople, was a gifted preacher, unmatched in both eloquence and in bringing sinners to repentance. A third group insisted that Gregory the Theologian was preferred to the others due to the majesty, purity, and profundity of his homilies and his defense of the faith against the Arian heresy.
All three were great Christian leaders. All three were and still are celebrated in January: St. Basil the Great on January 1, St. Gregory the Theologian on January 25, and St. John Chrysostom on January 27.
As the story has been told, the three hierarchs appeared together in a vision to St. John Mauropous, bishop of Euchaita, in the year 1084, and professed to him that they were equal before God: "There are no divisions among us, and no opposition to one another."
As a result, around 1100 under the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, January 30 was selected as a feast day to commemorate all three in common.