R O M A N S
One Body In Christ
Lesson 1: Who is St. Paul?
St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans Lesson Series
Reading
- Acts 7:54-60
- Acts 8-9
- Acts 17:16-34
- Acts 22:3-21
- Acts 22:25
- II Corinthians 11:22
- Philippians 3:5
The rapid spread of Christianity came from an unlikely source. St. Paul was originally known as Saul of Tarsus, an early persecutor of Jewish Christians. Most Christians agree that without St. Paul, the new faith of Jesus Christ would not have spread far from a small sect of Judaism to become the centerpiece of Western civilization.
Originally named Saul and born in Tarsus, in Asia Minor, Paul received strict religious training in Jerusalem, under the esteemed teacher Gamaliel.
He was of the tribe of Benjamin and observed the Judaic Law as a Pharisee. (Acts 22:3-21) He persecuted the Christianized Jews in the early Church with great severity and cruelty, believing them to be heretical and blasphemous. (Acts 8) He oversaw the stoning of St. Stephen. (Acts 7:54-60)
Requesting and receiving a letter of authorization from the Jewish High Priest to hunt down Christians and bring them back as prisoners to Jerusalem, Saul took the road to Damascus. On the way he experienced a vision from Christ. It was one of the most dramatic changes in human history. (Acts 9) The once zealous persecutor of the faith now became one of Christianity’s most powerful advocates. He spent many years of his life learning about Christ and the new faith.
He was not one of Jesus’ original Disciples, but soon linked himself with the Apostles (II Corinthians 11:22; Philippians 3:5) and became the greatest apostolic missionary of the Church. He was uniquely equipped to his task. Unlike many of the early Disciples, Paul was well educated; he could read and write, he spoke Greek and Aramaic fluently. He was also well versed in Greek Stoic and Hebrew legal philosophy. He was a Roman citizen from birth, giving him the civil rights entitled to a Roman citizen. (Acts 22:25) He was intelligent and used all his linguistic, cultural, and legal rights in spreading the Christian faith. (Acts 17:16-34)
Because of all these abilities, St. Paul was tasked with spreading the faith to the Gentiles by the Council of Jerusalem.
He traveled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, spreading the faith. His three missions to the Gentiles launched from Antioch. On his first missionary journey, on the island of Cyprus, Saul’s name changed to Paul. (Acts 13) A brilliant orator and writer, St. Paul was adaptable, flexible, and sensitive to the various groups he found on his missionary journeys: Jews, Greeks, rich, slaves, male, female, government officials and prostitutes. He wrote extensively, even while in prison, to spread the faith and address various problems in the early Churches. As author of 14 of the 27 books of the New Testament, he influenced Christianity as no other man.
Discussion & Reflection
Q1: One of the most dramatic stories of the New Testament is the story of St. Paul’s conversion on the road to
Damascus. In fact, it has entered thephraseology of the English language as Road to Damascus. Have you everhad or known someone who has had a Road to Damascus?
A1: Road to Damascus experiences are those in which a person has a sudden insight that radically changes their beliefs. Whilst originally used in a spiritual context, the phrase also refers to other types of sudden conversion.
Q2: St. Paul utilized a number of gifts and abilities in spreading Christianity. What were they? Do a self-assessment of yourself. What abilities, gifts, skills do you possess that can be used for Christ?
A2: St. Paul utilized all his numerous gifts and abilities to spread the message of Christ. He used his multiple linguistic and cultural skills to spread the Gospel. To the Jews, he was a Jew, and spoke in a language understandable to the Jews. To the Greeks, he spoke Greek, and applied his understanding of Greek philosophy. He used his Roman citizenship to tell of Christ to the authorities. He spoke as a slave (slave of Jesus Christ) to the slaves. It is estimated that 10-15% of the total population were slaves.
Q3: During much of his ministry, St. Paul was a prisoner of the state awaiting trial on trumped-up charges that he had brought a Gentile into the Great Temple (corrupting the Temple), spoke against the Jews, the Law of Moses, and the Temple. Yet while in prison, he continued to spread the Gospel and minster to the Church. How did he do this even though he was shackled?
A3: He wrote letters called Epistles. It was the social media of the day. While his hands were shackled, he had assistants like Timothy write his messages. They were delivered by assistants also. Today, these letters comprise most of the New Testament.
Resources
- Orthodox Saints, Vol. II, p.229-230, George Poulos, Holy Cross Orthodox Press
- Orthodox Study Bible
- OrthodoxWiki.com, search for “Apostle Paul” or “St. Paul”
- St. John Chrysostom’s Homily on II Corinthians: Paul’s Love for His Flock
- Podcast: "The Whole Counsel of God" Acts 22 by Fr. Stephen De Young (www.antientfaith.org/podcasts/wholecounsel)
Church Wisdom
Troparion (Tone 4):
First-enthroned of the apostles, teachers of the universe: Entreat the Master of all to
grant peace to the world, and to our souls great mercy!
Kontakion (Tone 2):
Today Christ the Rock glorifies with highest honor
The rock of Faith and leader of the Apostles,
Together with Paul and the company of the twelve,
Whose memory we celebrate with eagerness of faith,
Giving glory to the One who gave glory to them!
St. John Chrysostom on St. Paul
There was nothing more capacious than the heart of Paul, for he loved all the
faithful with as intimate a love as any lover could have for a loved one, his love not
being divided and lessened but remaining whole and entire for each of them. And
what marvel is it that his love for the faithful was such, since his heart embraced the
unbelievers, too, throughout the whole world?
Meditation & Activity
Some of the most beautiful words in the English language were written in the letters
of St. Paul. One of those was contained in I Corinthians 13. Read the Epistle aloud
and journal or discuss as a family its meaning in detail.