The Ten Commandments, also known as the Decalogue (from the Greek deca, meaning ten, and logos, meaning word), form a foundational ethical code that guides humanity in worshiping the true God and in building a society that reflects God's will on earth. Preserved through the centuries as a treasure of Christian civilization, the Commandments have been embraced by the Christian Church as a basic moral standard governing people's responsibilities toward both God and one another. Few documents have exerted a greater influence on religion and morality.
Moses stands as one of the most significant figures of the Old Testament, renowned for his leadership and as a religious forerunner of Judaism. God called him to lead the people of Israel out of Egyptian bondage into the wilderness north of Mount Sinai, between Egypt and Palestine, where they would begin a new chapter of their history. Moses was familiar with this region, having spent forty years there in exile under the guidance of his father-in-law Jethro.
Three months after the Exodus, Moses sought God's guidance so that the Israelites might live faithfully and peacefully under divine protection. In response, God summoned Moses to Mount Sinai to receive His covenant and convey it to the people. The Israelites accepted God's word, declaring, “All that the Lord has spoken, we will do” (Exodus 19:8).
Moses remained with the Lord for forty days. At the end of that time, God gave him two stone tablets containing the divine commandments, written by the finger of God (Exodus 31:18). When Moses descended the mountain and witnessed the people's idolatry, he broke the tablets (Exodus 32:19). God later replaced them. (Exodus 34:1).
The text of the Ten Commandments is preserved in two Old Testament accounts: Exodus 20:1-17 and Deuteronomy 5:6-18. Aside from the prohibition concerning images and the command to observe the Sabbath, the Commandments contain moral principles shared by all humanity. Their meaning was further deepened by the teachings of Jesus Christ, especially in the Sermon on the Mount. Christ summarized the entire law in two commandments: to love God with all one's heart, soul, and strength, and to love one's neighbor as oneself (Mark 12:29-31; cf. Deuteronomy 6:4-5; Leviticus 19:18). In these two commandments, Jesus reveals the enduring purpose and fulfillment of the Ten Commandments.
Faith in Action
Choose one of the Ten Commandments and intentionally live it with greater purpose each day this week. Begin and end each day with prayer, asking God to help you grow in love for Him and for your neighbor.
Based on a longer article, The Ten Commandments: A Document of Divine Guidance, by Rev. George Mastrantonis, found on goarch.org (https://bit.ly/4ikvFtl)